Strings

                                                                                        Strings in C

Strings in C programming is a sequence of character terminated with a null character '\0'. Strings are defined as an array of characters . The difference between a character array and a string is the string is terminated with a unique character '\0'. 

Example of C String:

Strings are used for storing text/characters.

For example  "Hello World" is a string of characters.

Unlike many other programming languages, C does not have a String type to easily create string variables. Instead, you must use the char type and create an array of characters to make a string in C:

Declaration of Strings

Declaring a string is as simple as declaring a one-dimensional array. Below is the basic syntax for declaring a string.

In the above syntax str_name is any name given to the string variable and size is used to define the length of the string, i.e the number of characters strings will store. 

Note: There is an extra terminating character which is the Null character (‘\0’) used to indicate the termination of a string that differs strings from normal character arrays. When a Sequence of characters enclosed in the double quotation marks is encountered by the compiler, a null character ‘\0’ is appended at the end of the string by default.

Initializing a String

1. A string can be initialized in different ways. We will explain this with the help of an example. Below are the examples to declare a string with the name str and initialize it with “CodeWithSahil”.

2. Assigning a string literal with a predefined size: String literals can be assigned with a predefined size. But we should always account for one extra space which will be assigned to the null character. If we want to store a string of size n then we should always declare a string with a size equal to or greater than n+1.

3. Assigning character by character with size: We can also assign a string character by character. But we should remember to set the end character as ‘\0’ which is a null character.

4. Assigning character by character without size: We can assign character by character without size with the NULL character at the end. The size of the string is determined by the compiler automatically.

How to Read a String From User?

C
// C program to read string from user
#include<stdio.h>
    
int main()
{   
    // declaring string
    char str[50];
        
    // reading string
    scanf("%s",str);
        
    // print string
    printf("%s",str);
    
    return 0;
}

Input  : 
 CodeWithSahil

Output :  
 CodeWithSahil

You can see in the above program that the string can also be read using a single scanf statement. Also, you might be thinking that why we have not used the ‘&’ sign with the string name ‘str’ in scanf statement! To understand this you will have to recall your knowledge of scanf.

How to Read a Line of Text in C?

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